Study on low-temperature chemical vapor deposition growth of 2D PdSe2 for applications in surface enhanced Raman scattering and cancer biology

Abstract

Palladium di-selenide (PdSe2) has emerged as a promising two-dimensional (2D) material and serves as the primary sensing layer due to its exceptional optical properties, narrow bandgap, excellent stability, good material compatibility, and in-plane anisotropy. This thesis concentrates on studying the chemical vapor deposition growth of bilayer to multilayer PdSe2, bilayer PdSe2 dendrites, PdSe2 nanoscrolls, and applications of PdSe2 in surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) and in cancer biology. This work is the first to demonstrate the scrolling and unscrolling of PdSe2 nanoscrolls in cancer cell applications, opening the great potential for a vast field of research exploring the applications of PdSe2 nanoscrolls in cancer biology. Key focus areas include the self-driven intrinsic defects and nanopores in 2D PdSe2 dendrites grown at low temperatures that act as hotspots for high SERS enhancement. An in-depth analysis is conducted using various experimental skills, such as catalytic growth of bilayer PdSe2 and salt solution-assisted CVD synthesis of PdSe2 techniques on various substrates. Furthermore, the thesis investigates chemical etchant-free transfer techniques such as H2O-assisted and scotchtape assisted transfer techniques for industrial applications. This thesis paves the way for the strategic use of PdSe2 towards the next-generation SERS and advanced biosensing applications through defect engineering