Development of activated carbon-supported bimetallic catalysts and microreactors for the production of lactic acid, 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid, and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural

Abstract

Essential biomass-derived platform chemicals such as lactic acid, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), and 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) hold significant potential in the polymer and fine chemical industries. This study focuses on catalytic transformations: glycerol to lactic acid and HMF to FDCA, employing activated carbon-supported bimetallic catalytic systems, and fructose to HMF, using homogeneous catalysts in helical coiled reactors.