Performance Evaluation of a Building Integrated Semi-Transparent Photovoltaic Thermal (BiSPVT) Facade

Abstract

The 21st century is marked by unprecedented challenges including climate change, environmental degradation, and the widening gap between growing energy demand and its sustainable supply. Rapid urbanization, population growth, and accelerated economic development have placed immense strain on global energy systems, with the building sector emerging as a major contributor. Buildings currently account for 30% of global final energy use and about 34% of greenhouse gas emissions. This intensifies global warming and its consequences underscoring the urgent need for energy transition strategies centered on decarbonization. Renewable energy, particularly solar, offers a strong solution due to its abundance, inexhaustibility, and compatibility with decentralized building-scale applications.