Gupt, Chandra Bhanu2024-05-012024-05-012023ROLL NO.146104024https://gyan.iitg.ac.in/handle/123456789/2608Supervisor: Sreedeep, SHazardous industrial wastes are contained in engineered shallow near-surface disposal facilities or landfills. To minimize the migration of waste from landfills and protection of geoenvironment and groundwater, low permeable compacted liners are provided, which act as hydraulic and contaminant barriers. In normal practice, bentonite-sand (B-S) mixtures are recommended as liner material. Due to shortage, there is a need to explore the possibility of using alternate waste materials like fly ash (FA) as a substitute for sand (S). To ensure its application in compacted liner, the B-FA mixes should qualify hydro-chemical requirements laid out by different regulatory bodies like Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The detailed hydro-chemical evaluation includes hydraulic conductivity determination, contaminant retention properties, adequate strength and volumetric shrinkage characteristics. Additionally, when two reactive materials (B and FA) are mixed together, it is important to ensure its compatibility over a period of time. A detailed study is needed to make sure that there are no undesirable interactions between B and FA leading to poor performance of liner. This necessitate long-term interaction studies of B-FA mixes for vital properties such as hydraulic conductivity and contaminant retention. This study investigated in detail the hydraulic conductivity of B-FA mixes under constant volume (swelling completely restricted) and free swelling conditions at time (t) varying from 0 days (immediately after compaction) to four years of interaction. Every measurement was carried out for extended duration of 90 days to ensure steady state condition.enHazardous WasteLandfill LinerBentoniteFly AshSandInteractionHydraulic ConductivityContaminant RetentionSwellingStrengthVolumetric ShrinkageThesis