Bio-Based Engineered Adsorbents for Sequestration of Persistent Emerging Pollutants: Process Optimization and Practical Applications in Water Treatment

Abstract

The rapid growth of industries and cities puts significant strain on natural resources, leading to severe ecological impacts. One of the most pressing issues is water pollution caused by persistent emerging pollutants (PEPs). These pollutants include pharmaceuticals, pesticides, herbicides, personal care products, endocrine disruptors, illicit drugs, food additives, hydrocarbons, metabolites, microplastics, and more. PEPs are not typically regulated under current environmental laws as they occur in relatively low concentrations. However, their persistent or pseudo-persistent nature can lead to various environmental and health impacts on water ecosystems and living organisms. Therefore, it is imperative to sequester these contaminants from water systems.