Material Design and Properties of 3D Printable Cementitious Mixtures for Underwater Applications

Abstract

The rapid advancements in 3D printing technology within the construction industry over the past decade have driven extensive research into the development of sustainable and high-performance cementitious materials. This study explores the potential of such materials, focusing on their printability, mechanical properties, and ecological suitability for applications in underwater environments and artificial reefs. The main objective of this research is two-fold: (1) investigation of the influence of mixture composition including admixtures and fiber on printability and performance of cementitious mortar deposited in air and underwater environments, (2) development of low-pH mortars suitable for artificial reef applications and influence of mixture composition, carbonation curing on printability, mechanical and durability properties.